Numerous red spots located near the observable universe's boundary have puzzled astronomers since the James Webb Space Telescope's observations. Currently, there is a compelling theory that may account for these phenomena. The research is being led by Anna de Graaff.

Anna de Graaff is a tenure-track group leader at the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy in Heidelberg. She is independently supported by the Lise Meitner Excellence Program and the ERC Starting Grant FIRST-GIANTS. Her research focuses on galaxy evolution across cosmic history, from the early universe to the present day.